layout color use area number makes instead larger large performance constant called important attempt one increasing hard part efficiently way abstract computer visual space graphical cognition records amplify criteria human interaction interactive 1998 3d al attributes card charts coordinates et fish image items kind user advantage also based contrast create deals focuses form forms just make map may new 2d access accesses action added addresses affording algorithms alignment allow allows application arranged aspects assist auditory automobiles bandwidth bar body brands builds car catch census changed cluster collection columns combinatorial compact company complex complicated computing concepts conceptual concern containing cost counterpart creating database databases dataset deciding decisions describes design designed difference dimensional discoveries disk displays drawings dynamic dynamics easy effectively enable enables encoded everything example exists explanations exploration extracted facilitates far feet field files find fisheye following follows four gained gap goals good graphic graphs groups hci help hiding high humans imagine improve include included increasingly infovis inherent innovative insight instance interactions interesting interface internet intuitive largest layering length look manipulating mapping maps meaning means measurements mechanisms method mind multiple names nature navigate necessarily networks non nonnumeric numerical occur olly onto order outlier pictures pie representations graphics different although defined display external users techniques examples numbers observations people perception physical physically science screen animation cognitive scientific sometimes unstructured datasets describing dimensions geographic individual interactivity involves mapped models modify much nonspatial pages patterns properties relations results sensory show spatial structure structured taking temporal typically understanding used using variables work world play plot