This example demonstrates how to constrain d3-zoom such that a rectangular area of interest is not allowed to go outside the viewport.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<svg width="960" height="500">
<g>
<image xlink:href="circle-limit-iv.jpg" x="455" y="225" width="50" height="50"></image>
</g>
</svg>
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
<script>
var zoom = d3.zoom().on("zoom", zoomed),
svg = d3.select("svg").call(zoom),
g = svg.select("g"),
image = g.select("image"),
width = +svg.attr("width"),
height = +svg.attr("height"),
x0 = +image.attr("x"),
y0 = +image.attr("y"),
x1 = +image.attr("width") + x0,
y1 = +image.attr("height") + y0;
// Don’t allow the zoomed area to be bigger than the viewport.
zoom.scaleExtent([1, Math.min(width / (x1 - x0), height / (y1 - y0))]);
function zoomed() {
var t = d3.event.transform;
if (t.invertX(0) > x0) t.x = -x0 * t.k;
else if (t.invertX(width) < x1) t.x = width - x1 * t.k;
if (t.invertY(0) > y0) t.y = -y0 * t.k;
else if (t.invertY(height) < y1) t.y = height - y1 * t.k;
g.attr("transform", t);
}
</script>