This graph plots the observed rate of tweets for Eric Fischer’s Twitter feed over the period from January 8, 2015 through November 30, 2015.
This graph uses a time scale to plot time-of-day. Time scales are normally used to plot absolute time: a specific moment on a specific day in a specific year. Here, though, we’re interested in studying the daily pattern, so data from many days is collapsed onto a single day. (That day happens to be January 1, 1900, but the choice is arbitrary as long as we’re consistent.)
One wrinkle here is that the data is stored in UTC, but we want to view the pattern in Eric’s local time. To do this, we offset the time by seven hours, since the majority of the data was collected during Pacific Daylight Time (-0700). However, this is incorrect because some of the data was collected during Pacific Standard Time (-0800). Since the local time zone offset changed during data collection, the pattern is somewhat blurred. To fix this, you would need to aggregate the data by local time-of-day instead of UTC time-of-day.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
.dots path {
fill: none;
stroke: steelblue;
stroke-width: 1.5px;
}
.axis path,
.axis line {
fill: none;
stroke: #000;
shape-rendering: crispEdges;
}
.axis--y line {
stroke-opacity: 0.2;
}
.axis--y path {
stroke: none;
}
.axis text {
font: 10px sans-serif;
}
</style>
<body>
<script src="//d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js"></script>
<script>
var parseTime = d3.time.format.utc("%H:%M").parse,
midnight = parseTime("00:00");
var margin = {top: 30, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 30},
width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
var x = d3.time.scale.utc()
.domain([midnight, d3.time.day.utc.offset(midnight, 1)])
.range([0, width]);
var y = d3.scale.linear()
.range([height, 0]);
var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
d3.csv("tweets.csv", type, function(error, data) {
if (error) throw error;
y.domain([0, d3.max(data, function(d) { return d.rate; })]);
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "axis axis--x")
.attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
.call(d3.svg.axis()
.scale(x)
.orient("bottom")
.tickFormat(d3.time.format.utc("%I %p")));
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "dots")
.selectAll("path")
.data(data)
.enter().append("path")
.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + x(d.time) + "," + y(d.rate) + ")"; })
.attr("d", d3.svg.symbol()
.size(40));
var tick = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "axis axis--y")
.call(d3.svg.axis()
.scale(y)
.tickSize(-width)
.orient("left"))
.select(".tick:last-of-type");
var title = tick.append("text")
.attr("dy", ".32em")
.text("tweets per hour");
tick.select("line")
.attr("x1", title.node().getBBox().width + 6);
});
function type(d) {
d.rate = +d.count / 327 * 60; // January 8 to November 30
d.time = parseTime(d.time);
d.time.setUTCHours((d.time.getUTCHours() + 24 - 7) % 24);
return d;
}
</script>
count,time
358,00:00
372,00:01
344,00:02
388,00:03
324,00:04
349,00:05
389,00:06
368,00:07
358,00:08
309,00:09
357,00:10
349,00:11
374,00:12
336,00:13
338,00:14
380,00:15
326,00:16
363,00:17
347,00:18
377,00:19
390,00:20
355,00:21
304,00:22
328,00:23
338,00:24
374,00:25
340,00:26
367,00:27
339,00:28
349,00:29
384,00:30
404,00:31
362,00:32
337,00:33
353,00:34
343,00:35
343,00:36
349,00:37
351,00:38
389,00:39
347,00:40
352,00:41
383,00:42
351,00:43
347,00:44
323,00:45
371,00:46
357,00:47
360,00:48
357,00:49
337,00:50
369,00:51
370,00:52
372,00:53
361,00:54
351,00:55
387,00:56
324,00:57
358,00:58
340,00:59
337,01:00
336,01:01
346,01:02
314,01:03
339,01:04
334,01:05
326,01:06
329,01:07
336,01:08
338,01:09
359,01:10
330,01:11
359,01:12
331,01:13
366,01:14
311,01:15
352,01:16
373,01:17
360,01:18
375,01:19
339,01:20
358,01:21
330,01:22
361,01:23
352,01:24
339,01:25
329,01:26
318,01:27
342,01:28
322,01:29
355,01:30
332,01:31
356,01:32
377,01:33
373,01:34
344,01:35
344,01:36
357,01:37
338,01:38
342,01:39
352,01:40
334,01:41
346,01:42
315,01:43
334,01:44
329,01:45
324,01:46
374,01:47
358,01:48
361,01:49
368,01:50
314,01:51
332,01:52
322,01:53
326,01:54
373,01:55
349,01:56
365,01:57
355,01:58
339,01:59
345,02:00
355,02:01
365,02:02
353,02:03
342,02:04
360,02:05
373,02:06
321,02:07
333,02:08
320,02:09
335,02:10
364,02:11
319,02:12
331,02:13
330,02:14
321,02:15
321,02:16
309,02:17
320,02:18
329,02:19
332,02:20
335,02:21
320,02:22
340,02:23
324,02:24
341,02:25
343,02:26
322,02:27
305,02:28
298,02:29
312,02:30
334,02:31
316,02:32
327,02:33
311,02:34
315,02:35
334,02:36
312,02:37
342,02:38
303,02:39
332,02:40
339,02:41
338,02:42
348,02:43
342,02:44
317,02:45
312,02:46
311,02:47
332,02:48
288,02:49
324,02:50
333,02:51
278,02:52
319,02:53
353,02:54
312,02:55
333,02:56
317,02:57
278,02:58
285,02:59
321,03:00
305,03:01
302,03:02
309,03:03
301,03:04
304,03:05
296,03:06
297,03:07
277,03:08
283,03:09
293,03:10
279,03:11
295,03:12
310,03:13
314,03:14
303,03:15
340,03:16
314,03:17
321,03:18
302,03:19
310,03:20
314,03:21
329,03:22
312,03:23
328,03:24
313,03:25
288,03:26
315,03:27
291,03:28
357,03:29
311,03:30
299,03:31
281,03:32
327,03:33
315,03:34
317,03:35
296,03:36
429,03:37
355,03:38
326,03:39
312,03:40
304,03:41
307,03:42
296,03:43
272,03:44
291,03:45
299,03:46
284,03:47
265,03:48
279,03:49
279,03:50
292,03:51
302,03:52
283,03:53
295,03:54
301,03:55
308,03:56
297,03:57
303,03:58
279,03:59
283,04:00
255,04:01
280,04:02
293,04:03
279,04:04
283,04:05
286,04:06
306,04:07
288,04:08
285,04:09
279,04:10
284,04:11
308,04:12
300,04:13
292,04:14
310,04:15
294,04:16
277,04:17
271,04:18
264,04:19
269,04:20
266,04:21
269,04:22
268,04:23
271,04:24
256,04:25
289,04:26
235,04:27
252,04:28
260,04:29
283,04:30
259,04:31
244,04:32
273,04:33
252,04:34
298,04:35
268,04:36
321,04:37
310,04:38
258,04:39
254,04:40
269,04:41
278,04:42
283,04:43
279,04:44
271,04:45
246,04:46
254,04:47
290,04:48
274,04:49
236,04:50
253,04:51
250,04:52
247,04:53
229,04:54
225,04:55
272,04:56
245,04:57
246,04:58
251,04:59
262,05:00
263,05:01
271,05:02
220,05:03
222,05:04
231,05:05
258,05:06
268,05:07
249,05:08
232,05:09
234,05:10
229,05:11
259,05:12
260,05:13
198,05:14
227,05:15
225,05:16
224,05:17
236,05:18
265,05:19
238,05:20
218,05:21
204,05:22
224,05:23
212,05:24
220,05:25
239,05:26
206,05:27
203,05:28
216,05:29
247,05:30
199,05:31
211,05:32
217,05:33
228,05:34
231,05:35
187,05:36
214,05:37
208,05:38
204,05:39
216,05:40
207,05:41
209,05:42
225,05:43
204,05:44
202,05:45
201,05:46
210,05:47
173,05:48
192,05:49
194,05:50
194,05:51
201,05:52
187,05:53
194,05:54
226,05:55
208,05:56
227,05:57
193,05:58
193,05:59
211,06:00
202,06:01
182,06:02
210,06:03
186,06:04
178,06:05
188,06:06
176,06:07
197,06:08
178,06:09
170,06:10
186,06:11
189,06:12
208,06:13
195,06:14
188,06:15
164,06:16
187,06:17
164,06:18
152,06:19
177,06:20
176,06:21
142,06:22
179,06:23
173,06:24
169,06:25
199,06:26
185,06:27
167,06:28
156,06:29
145,06:30
134,06:31
153,06:32
160,06:33
152,06:34
165,06:35
147,06:36
148,06:37
179,06:38
169,06:39
136,06:40
161,06:41
139,06:42
138,06:43
144,06:44
150,06:45
146,06:46
147,06:47
125,06:48
133,06:49
121,06:50
132,06:51
131,06:52
126,06:53
130,06:54
130,06:55
115,06:56
118,06:57
134,06:58
115,06:59
110,07:00
105,07:01
115,07:02
118,07:03
118,07:04
116,07:05
127,07:06
116,07:07
120,07:08
99,07:09
104,07:10
109,07:11
106,07:12
131,07:13
108,07:14
110,07:15
114,07:16
108,07:17
98,07:18
111,07:19
103,07:20
94,07:21
112,07:22
104,07:23
93,07:24
81,07:25
104,07:26
87,07:27
76,07:28
84,07:29
100,07:30
76,07:31
83,07:32
68,07:33
95,07:34
84,07:35
87,07:36
76,07:37
92,07:38
76,07:39
72,07:40
68,07:41
62,07:42
83,07:43
54,07:44
59,07:45
64,07:46
60,07:47
82,07:48
71,07:49
78,07:50
64,07:51
76,07:52
73,07:53
67,07:54
74,07:55
53,07:56
72,07:57
71,07:58
65,07:59
76,08:00
63,08:01
68,08:02
67,08:03
70,08:04
51,08:05
58,08:06
42,08:07
60,08:08
46,08:09
53,08:10
56,08:11
61,08:12
54,08:13
53,08:14
56,08:15
56,08:16
54,08:17
53,08:18
55,08:19
53,08:20
60,08:21
47,08:22
42,08:23
53,08:24
63,08:25
34,08:26
51,08:27
41,08:28
41,08:29
43,08:30
53,08:31
50,08:32
52,08:33
36,08:34
31,08:35
41,08:36
44,08:37
41,08:38
55,08:39
47,08:40
57,08:41
40,08:42
49,08:43
37,08:44
38,08:45
52,08:46
38,08:47
46,08:48
42,08:49
41,08:50
48,08:51
36,08:52
18,08:53
58,08:54
30,08:55
41,08:56
42,08:57
30,08:58
48,08:59
35,09:00
45,09:01
44,09:02
34,09:03
39,09:04
32,09:05
47,09:06
41,09:07
45,09:08
31,09:09
43,09:10
35,09:11
41,09:12
37,09:13
26,09:14
24,09:15
40,09:16
36,09:17
33,09:18
31,09:19
35,09:20
35,09:21
40,09:22
32,09:23
24,09:24
20,09:25
41,09:26
37,09:27
42,09:28
32,09:29
39,09:30
33,09:31
23,09:32
29,09:33
38,09:34
25,09:35
45,09:36
43,09:37
29,09:38
38,09:39
39,09:40
35,09:41
35,09:42
38,09:43
33,09:44
30,09:45
31,09:46
31,09:47
33,09:48
21,09:49
29,09:50
26,09:51
37,09:52
31,09:53
29,09:54
32,09:55
32,09:56
42,09:57
31,09:58
35,09:59
29,10:00
41,10:01
29,10:02
29,10:03
36,10:04
45,10:05
36,10:06
33,10:07
40,10:08
29,10:09
29,10:10
19,10:11
27,10:12
17,10:13
26,10:14
40,10:15
31,10:16
38,10:17
21,10:18
25,10:19
25,10:20
33,10:21
27,10:22
29,10:23
26,10:24
27,10:25
25,10:26
36,10:27
35,10:28
46,10:29
37,10:30
40,10:31
25,10:32
51,10:33
31,10:34
30,10:35
32,10:36
36,10:37
52,10:38
36,10:39
40,10:40
55,10:41
88,10:42
32,10:43
38,10:44
41,10:45
31,10:46
25,10:47
31,10:48
29,10:49
36,10:50
24,10:51
40,10:52
29,10:53
40,10:54
35,10:55
39,10:56
38,10:57
47,10:58
42,10:59
38,11:00
42,11:01
31,11:02
28,11:03
49,11:04
38,11:05
64,11:06
37,11:07
52,11:08
46,11:09
35,11:10
53,11:11
40,11:12
52,11:13
45,11:14
50,11:15
58,11:16
51,11:17
40,11:18
39,11:19
46,11:20
49,11:21
61,11:22
54,11:23
47,11:24
57,11:25
48,11:26
54,11:27
58,11:28
52,11:29
47,11:30
44,11:31
50,11:32
57,11:33
63,11:34
62,11:35
42,11:36
42,11:37
58,11:38
47,11:39
50,11:40
59,11:41
96,11:42
64,11:43
57,11:44
55,11:45
49,11:46
75,11:47
71,11:48
69,11:49
83,11:50
59,11:51
57,11:52
62,11:53
76,11:54
73,11:55
66,11:56
73,11:57
65,11:58
65,11:59
150,12:00
108,12:01
89,12:02
83,12:03
87,12:04
62,12:05
60,12:06
72,12:07
77,12:08
75,12:09
85,12:10
87,12:11
94,12:12
83,12:13
95,12:14
107,12:15
81,12:16
98,12:17
85,12:18
111,12:19
114,12:20
97,12:21
118,12:22
101,12:23
119,12:24
110,12:25
84,12:26
95,12:27
99,12:28
107,12:29
103,12:30
119,12:31
104,12:32
87,12:33
93,12:34
101,12:35
119,12:36
110,12:37
122,12:38
86,12:39
157,12:40
97,12:41
142,12:42
109,12:43
114,12:44
119,12:45
109,12:46
128,12:47
108,12:48
115,12:49
135,12:50
127,12:51
105,12:52
115,12:53
131,12:54
127,12:55
129,12:56
128,12:57
153,12:58
142,12:59
185,13:00
188,13:01
161,13:02
150,13:03
157,13:04
160,13:05
145,13:06
152,13:07
160,13:08
141,13:09
162,13:10
161,13:11
151,13:12
175,13:13
147,13:14
170,13:15
150,13:16
146,13:17
260,13:18
151,13:19
150,13:20
205,13:21
146,13:22
165,13:23
184,13:24
165,13:25
182,13:26
146,13:27
159,13:28
184,13:29
168,13:30
180,13:31
183,13:32
173,13:33
188,13:34
171,13:35
174,13:36
195,13:37
195,13:38
191,13:39
227,13:40
200,13:41
177,13:42
184,13:43
189,13:44
201,13:45
190,13:46
192,13:47
203,13:48
193,13:49
209,13:50
205,13:51
233,13:52
223,13:53
207,13:54
228,13:55
188,13:56
242,13:57
217,13:58
187,13:59
216,14:00
247,14:01
257,14:02
223,14:03
233,14:04
255,14:05
237,14:06
240,14:07
237,14:08
246,14:09
248,14:10
237,14:11
251,14:12
222,14:13
223,14:14
239,14:15
236,14:16
248,14:17
266,14:18
249,14:19
253,14:20
292,14:21
237,14:22
258,14:23
271,14:24
278,14:25
255,14:26
287,14:27
271,14:28
271,14:29
307,14:30
270,14:31
276,14:32
287,14:33
298,14:34
289,14:35
275,14:36
274,14:37
275,14:38
275,14:39
286,14:40
313,14:41
340,14:42
285,14:43
277,14:44
303,14:45
308,14:46
317,14:47
326,14:48
330,14:49
336,14:50
296,14:51
314,14:52
350,14:53
323,14:54
353,14:55
353,14:56
342,14:57
328,14:58
346,14:59
454,15:00
360,15:01
287,15:02
304,15:03
312,15:04
350,15:05
369,15:06
336,15:07
319,15:08
371,15:09
343,15:10
311,15:11
331,15:12
349,15:13
355,15:14
361,15:15
374,15:16
379,15:17
353,15:18
402,15:19
376,15:20
390,15:21
376,15:22
358,15:23
362,15:24
383,15:25
372,15:26
392,15:27
346,15:28
397,15:29
500,15:30
399,15:31
354,15:32
380,15:33
414,15:34
417,15:35
419,15:36
395,15:37
444,15:38
428,15:39
438,15:40
387,15:41
422,15:42
422,15:43
415,15:44
418,15:45
414,15:46
432,15:47
455,15:48
404,15:49
425,15:50
453,15:51
427,15:52
462,15:53
436,15:54
403,15:55
426,15:56
412,15:57
412,15:58
445,15:59
613,16:00
427,16:01
468,16:02
412,16:03
482,16:04
530,16:05
488,16:06
457,16:07
446,16:08
421,16:09
416,16:10
429,16:11
460,16:12
468,16:13
454,16:14
524,16:15
476,16:16
487,16:17
486,16:18
462,16:19
497,16:20
510,16:21
446,16:22
502,16:23
485,16:24
498,16:25
439,16:26
468,16:27
433,16:28
469,16:29
626,16:30
451,16:31
465,16:32
488,16:33
491,16:34
475,16:35
489,16:36
465,16:37
478,16:38
463,16:39
515,16:40
485,16:41
458,16:42
489,16:43
493,16:44
492,16:45
511,16:46
465,16:47
470,16:48
478,16:49
521,16:50
450,16:51
481,16:52
439,16:53
519,16:54
471,16:55
492,16:56
506,16:57
488,16:58
471,16:59
657,17:00
489,17:01
516,17:02
462,17:03
478,17:04
512,17:05
479,17:06
476,17:07
505,17:08
465,17:09
501,17:10
501,17:11
468,17:12
505,17:13
511,17:14
519,17:15
457,17:16
455,17:17
457,17:18
498,17:19
480,17:20
451,17:21
490,17:22
475,17:23
458,17:24
481,17:25
476,17:26
507,17:27
497,17:28
532,17:29
520,17:30
475,17:31
471,17:32
514,17:33
489,17:34
418,17:35
476,17:36
476,17:37
459,17:38
556,17:39
502,17:40
476,17:41
530,17:42
538,17:43
514,17:44
532,17:45
494,17:46
467,17:47
519,17:48
499,17:49
508,17:50
534,17:51
503,17:52
470,17:53
507,17:54
555,17:55
529,17:56
473,17:57
515,17:58
453,17:59
573,18:00
487,18:01
484,18:02
505,18:03
425,18:04
522,18:05
453,18:06
470,18:07
499,18:08
476,18:09
430,18:10
478,18:11
468,18:12
488,18:13
484,18:14
511,18:15
511,18:16
471,18:17
477,18:18
492,18:19
525,18:20
526,18:21
498,18:22
492,18:23
436,18:24
452,18:25
497,18:26
466,18:27
453,18:28
465,18:29
513,18:30
462,18:31
448,18:32
485,18:33
477,18:34
480,18:35
473,18:36
515,18:37
473,18:38
489,18:39
494,18:40
453,18:41
454,18:42
494,18:43
494,18:44
503,18:45
487,18:46
479,18:47
478,18:48
474,18:49
488,18:50
434,18:51
488,18:52
510,18:53
507,18:54
527,18:55
452,18:56
441,18:57
454,18:58
467,18:59
483,19:00
473,19:01
480,19:02
462,19:03
491,19:04
462,19:05
448,19:06
444,19:07
471,19:08
453,19:09
466,19:10
427,19:11
439,19:12
483,19:13
418,19:14
420,19:15
421,19:16
442,19:17
439,19:18
409,19:19
458,19:20
457,19:21
420,19:22
448,19:23
424,19:24
448,19:25
446,19:26
406,19:27
510,19:28
447,19:29
451,19:30
456,19:31
461,19:32
468,19:33
392,19:34
394,19:35
409,19:36
377,19:37
429,19:38
419,19:39
424,19:40
412,19:41
421,19:42
437,19:43
401,19:44
427,19:45
483,19:46
425,19:47
414,19:48
453,19:49
459,19:50
462,19:51
432,19:52
455,19:53
437,19:54
416,19:55
438,19:56
436,19:57
429,19:58
414,19:59
410,20:00
474,20:01
404,20:02
490,20:03
441,20:04
425,20:05
429,20:06
408,20:07
460,20:08
445,20:09
387,20:10
427,20:11
406,20:12
406,20:13
396,20:14
435,20:15
416,20:16
401,20:17
438,20:18
421,20:19
427,20:20
464,20:21
411,20:22
425,20:23
431,20:24
442,20:25
436,20:26
440,20:27
421,20:28
420,20:29
407,20:30
403,20:31
418,20:32
402,20:33
402,20:34
414,20:35
455,20:36
405,20:37
440,20:38
418,20:39
437,20:40
386,20:41
416,20:42
383,20:43
405,20:44
389,20:45
424,20:46
446,20:47
441,20:48
401,20:49
414,20:50
461,20:51
404,20:52
389,20:53
403,20:54
455,20:55
411,20:56
404,20:57
420,20:58
430,20:59
435,21:00
381,21:01
390,21:02
445,21:03
442,21:04
400,21:05
395,21:06
402,21:07
370,21:08
421,21:09
393,21:10
404,21:11
418,21:12
428,21:13
413,21:14
442,21:15
383,21:16
422,21:17
426,21:18
410,21:19
382,21:20
411,21:21
406,21:22
429,21:23
384,21:24
372,21:25
409,21:26
397,21:27
364,21:28
382,21:29
415,21:30
385,21:31
369,21:32
380,21:33
391,21:34
413,21:35
371,21:36
361,21:37
422,21:38
394,21:39
393,21:40
372,21:41
370,21:42
434,21:43
411,21:44
441,21:45
422,21:46
394,21:47
382,21:48
395,21:49
383,21:50
402,21:51
370,21:52
381,21:53
373,21:54
393,21:55
366,21:56
400,21:57
398,21:58
380,21:59
392,22:00
406,22:01
377,22:02
405,22:03
381,22:04
405,22:05
401,22:06
377,22:07
362,22:08
409,22:09
398,22:10
373,22:11
408,22:12
398,22:13
367,22:14
410,22:15
391,22:16
369,22:17
360,22:18
348,22:19
338,22:20
376,22:21
311,22:22
340,22:23
381,22:24
346,22:25
372,22:26
352,22:27
361,22:28
325,22:29
340,22:30
359,22:31
342,22:32
346,22:33
364,22:34
341,22:35
360,22:36
403,22:37
376,22:38
392,22:39
370,22:40
376,22:41
395,22:42
356,22:43
352,22:44
357,22:45
404,22:46
397,22:47
374,22:48
342,22:49
355,22:50
374,22:51
346,22:52
379,22:53
368,22:54
378,22:55
367,22:56
382,22:57
393,22:58
376,22:59
382,23:00
378,23:01
375,23:02
378,23:03
369,23:04
357,23:05
371,23:06
350,23:07
350,23:08
372,23:09
343,23:10
391,23:11
380,23:12
407,23:13
368,23:14
391,23:15
351,23:16
370,23:17
349,23:18
386,23:19
432,23:20
355,23:21
384,23:22
365,23:23
367,23:24
363,23:25
372,23:26
374,23:27
347,23:28
360,23:29
372,23:30
358,23:31
356,23:32
328,23:33
347,23:34
365,23:35
340,23:36
359,23:37
359,23:38
368,23:39
350,23:40
342,23:41
420,23:42
386,23:43
339,23:44
349,23:45
369,23:46
395,23:47
343,23:48
368,23:49
427,23:50
368,23:51
370,23:52
334,23:53
369,23:54
373,23:55
352,23:56
390,23:57
366,23:58
330,23:59