This word cloud shows opinion target words from reviews of accommodations in London. Bigger words were identified more often by sentiment analyzers. Color represents the aggregated sentiment towards the target words (more green is more positive, more red is more negative and a yellow color is neutral). For example, both “hotel” and “room” have been mentioned a lot, but the overall sentiment towards “hotel” is more positive than the one towards “room”.
Compared to a word cloud built with the same technique for the city of Amsterdam (see it here), this is more shallow and yellow, indicating a more neutral sentiment for London’s opinion target words.
Use the mouse to pan and zoom.
Data is obtained from the Tour-Pedia APIs, that in turn get their input from the sentiment analysis pipeline of the OpeNER project.
The implementation makes use of d3.layout.cloud by Jason Davies.
// DATA
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startX = tag.x,
startY = tag.y,
maxDelta = Math.sqrt(size[0] * size[0] + size[1] * size[1]),
s = spiral(size),
dt = Math.random() < .5 ? 1 : -1,
t = -dt,
dxdy,
dx,
dy;
while (dxdy = s(t += dt)) {
dx = ~~dxdy[0];
dy = ~~dxdy[1];
if (Math.min(dx, dy) > maxDelta) break;
tag.x = startX + dx;
tag.y = startY + dy;
if (tag.x + tag.x0 < 0 || tag.y + tag.y0 < 0 ||
tag.x + tag.x1 > size[0] || tag.y + tag.y1 > size[1]) continue;
// TODO only check for collisions within current bounds.
if (!bounds || !cloudCollide(tag, board, size[0])) {
if (!bounds || collideRects(tag, bounds)) {
var sprite = tag.sprite,
w = tag.width >> 5,
sw = size[0] >> 5,
lx = tag.x - (w << 4),
sx = lx & 0x7f,
msx = 32 - sx,
h = tag.y1 - tag.y0,
x = (tag.y + tag.y0) * sw + (lx >> 5),
last;
for (var j = 0; j < h; j++) {
last = 0;
for (var i = 0; i <= w; i++) {
board[x + i] |= (last << msx) | (i < w ? (last = sprite[j * w + i]) >>> sx : 0);
}
x += sw;
}
delete tag.sprite;
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
cloud.words = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return words;
words = x;
return cloud;
};
cloud.size = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return size;
size = [+x[0], +x[1]];
return cloud;
};
cloud.font = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return font;
font = d3.functor(x);
return cloud;
};
cloud.fontStyle = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return fontStyle;
fontStyle = d3.functor(x);
return cloud;
};
cloud.fontWeight = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return fontWeight;
fontWeight = d3.functor(x);
return cloud;
};
cloud.rotate = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return rotate;
rotate = d3.functor(x);
return cloud;
};
cloud.text = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return text;
text = d3.functor(x);
return cloud;
};
cloud.spiral = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return spiral;
spiral = spirals[x + ""] || x;
return cloud;
};
cloud.fontSize = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return fontSize;
fontSize = d3.functor(x);
return cloud;
};
cloud.padding = function(x) {
if (!arguments.length) return padding;
padding = d3.functor(x);
return cloud;
};
return d3.rebind(cloud, event, "on");
}
function cloudText(d) {
return d.text;
}
function cloudFont() {
return "serif";
}
function cloudFontNormal() {
return "normal";
}
function cloudFontSize(d) {
return Math.sqrt(d.value);
}
function cloudRotate() {
return (~~(Math.random() * 6) - 3) * 30;
}
function cloudPadding() {
return 1;
}
// Fetches a monochrome sprite bitmap for the specified text.
// Load in batches for speed.
function cloudSprite(d, data, di) {
if (d.sprite) return;
c.clearRect(0, 0, (cw << 5) / ratio, ch / ratio);
var x = 0,
y = 0,
maxh = 0,
n = data.length;
--di;
while (++di < n) {
d = data[di];
c.save();
c.font = d.style + " " + d.weight + " " + ~~((d.size + 1) / ratio) + "px " + d.font;
var w = c.measureText(d.text + "m").width * ratio,
h = d.size << 1;
if (d.rotate) {
var sr = Math.sin(d.rotate * cloudRadians),
cr = Math.cos(d.rotate * cloudRadians),
wcr = w * cr,
wsr = w * sr,
hcr = h * cr,
hsr = h * sr;
w = (Math.max(Math.abs(wcr + hsr), Math.abs(wcr - hsr)) + 0x1f) >> 5 << 5;
h = ~~Math.max(Math.abs(wsr + hcr), Math.abs(wsr - hcr));
} else {
w = (w + 0x1f) >> 5 << 5;
}
if (h > maxh) maxh = h;
if (x + w >= (cw << 5)) {
x = 0;
y += maxh;
maxh = 0;
}
if (y + h >= ch) break;
c.translate((x + (w >> 1)) / ratio, (y + (h >> 1)) / ratio);
if (d.rotate) c.rotate(d.rotate * cloudRadians);
c.fillText(d.text, 0, 0);
if (d.padding) c.lineWidth = 2 * d.padding, c.strokeText(d.text, 0, 0);
c.restore();
d.width = w;
d.height = h;
d.xoff = x;
d.yoff = y;
d.x1 = w >> 1;
d.y1 = h >> 1;
d.x0 = -d.x1;
d.y0 = -d.y1;
d.hasText = true;
x += w;
}
var pixels = c.getImageData(0, 0, (cw << 5) / ratio, ch / ratio).data,
sprite = [];
while (--di >= 0) {
d = data[di];
if (!d.hasText) continue;
var w = d.width,
w32 = w >> 5,
h = d.y1 - d.y0;
// Zero the buffer
for (var i = 0; i < h * w32; i++) sprite[i] = 0;
x = d.xoff;
if (x == null) return;
y = d.yoff;
var seen = 0,
seenRow = -1;
for (var j = 0; j < h; j++) {
for (var i = 0; i < w; i++) {
var k = w32 * j + (i >> 5),
m = pixels[((y + j) * (cw << 5) + (x + i)) << 2] ? 1 << (31 - (i % 32)) : 0;
sprite[k] |= m;
seen |= m;
}
if (seen) seenRow = j;
else {
d.y0++;
h--;
j--;
y++;
}
}
d.y1 = d.y0 + seenRow;
d.sprite = sprite.slice(0, (d.y1 - d.y0) * w32);
}
}
// Use mask-based collision detection.
function cloudCollide(tag, board, sw) {
sw >>= 5;
var sprite = tag.sprite,
w = tag.width >> 5,
lx = tag.x - (w << 4),
sx = lx & 0x7f,
msx = 32 - sx,
h = tag.y1 - tag.y0,
x = (tag.y + tag.y0) * sw + (lx >> 5),
last;
for (var j = 0; j < h; j++) {
last = 0;
for (var i = 0; i <= w; i++) {
if (((last << msx) | (i < w ? (last = sprite[j * w + i]) >>> sx : 0))
& board[x + i]) return true;
}
x += sw;
}
return false;
}
function cloudBounds(bounds, d) {
var b0 = bounds[0],
b1 = bounds[1];
if (d.x + d.x0 < b0.x) b0.x = d.x + d.x0;
if (d.y + d.y0 < b0.y) b0.y = d.y + d.y0;
if (d.x + d.x1 > b1.x) b1.x = d.x + d.x1;
if (d.y + d.y1 > b1.y) b1.y = d.y + d.y1;
}
function collideRects(a, b) {
return a.x + a.x1 > b[0].x && a.x + a.x0 < b[1].x && a.y + a.y1 > b[0].y && a.y + a.y0 < b[1].y;
}
function archimedeanSpiral(size) {
var e = size[0] / size[1];
return function(t) {
return [e * (t *= .1) * Math.cos(t), t * Math.sin(t)];
};
}
function rectangularSpiral(size) {
var dy = 4,
dx = dy * size[0] / size[1],
x = 0,
y = 0;
return function(t) {
var sign = t < 0 ? -1 : 1;
// See triangular numbers: T_n = n * (n + 1) / 2.
switch ((Math.sqrt(1 + 4 * sign * t) - sign) & 3) {
case 0: x += dx; break;
case 1: y += dy; break;
case 2: x -= dx; break;
default: y -= dy; break;
}
return [x, y];
};
}
// TODO reuse arrays?
function zeroArray(n) {
var a = [],
i = -1;
while (++i < n) a[i] = 0;
return a;
}
var cloudRadians = Math.PI / 180,
cw = 1 << 11 >> 5,
ch = 1 << 11,
canvas,
ratio = 1;
if (typeof document !== "undefined") {
canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas.width = 1;
canvas.height = 1;
ratio = Math.sqrt(canvas.getContext("2d").getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data.length >> 2);
canvas.width = (cw << 5) / ratio;
canvas.height = ch / ratio;
} else {
// Attempt to use node-canvas.
canvas = new Canvas(cw << 5, ch);
}
var c = canvas.getContext("2d"),
spirals = {
archimedean: archimedeanSpiral,
rectangular: rectangularSpiral
};
c.fillStyle = c.strokeStyle = "red";
c.textAlign = "center";
if (typeof module === "object" && module.exports) module.exports = cloud;
else (d3.layout || (d3.layout = {})).cloud = cloud;
})();